Land Documentation
Complete guide to Indian land documents: 7/12, patta, khata, EC, sale deed, mutation — what each proves and how to get it.
Land documents in India are state-specific and often have different names for equivalent documents across regions. This guide covers the key documents — what each proves, which states use it, and exactly how to obtain it — both online and offline.
7/12 Extract (Satbara Utara)
Maharashtra, GujaratWhat it proves: Land ownership, survey number, area, crop details, and water sources.
How to get it: Available online on MahaaBhunaksha (Maharashtra) or AnyRoR (Gujarat). Visit talathi office for certified copy.
Patta (Pattedar Passbook)
Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, TelanganaWhat it proves: Ownership rights over land — primary revenue ownership document in South India.
How to get it: TNREGINET (Tamil Nadu), Mee Bhoomi (AP/Telangana) portals. Also available at local tahsildar office.
Khata Certificate + Extract
KarnatakaWhat it proves: Property ownership for tax payment and building permission purposes. A-Khata is regularised; B-Khata is not.
How to get it: Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) for urban; panchayat for rural land.
Encumbrance Certificate (EC)
All states (name varies)What it proves: No mortgage, lien, or charge on the property for the searched period. Critical for loan and sale.
How to get it: Sub-registrar office or online on KAVERI (Karnataka), IGR Maharashtra, or state registration portals.
Sale Deed (Registered)
All statesWhat it proves: Legal transfer of ownership from seller to buyer. Must be registered at sub-registrar office.
How to get it: Executed at the time of purchase at the sub-registrar office. Certified copies available anytime after registration.
Mutation Record (Dakhil Kharij)
All statesWhat it proves: That the change of ownership has been recorded in the revenue register after a sale or inheritance.
How to get it: Apply at the local tahsildar / tehsil office after completing the sale deed registration.
RTC (Record of Rights, Tenancy & Crops)
KarnatakaWhat it proves: Land ownership, current possessor, nature of land, and cropping pattern.
How to get it: Bhoomi portal (bhoomi.karnataka.gov.in) or at the revenue office.
Official Resources
This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult a qualified legal or financial professional before making land-related decisions.
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